Art movements of the 1970's

Post-Modernism 

"Postmodernism is a range of conceptual frameworks and ideologies that are defined in opposition to those commonly associated with ideologies of modernity and modernist notions of knowledge and science, such as formalism, materialism,metaphysics, positivism, realism, reductionism, and structuralism. Postmodernism is not a philosophical movement, but rather a number of philosophical and critical methods. In other words, postmodernism is not a method of doing philosophy, but rather a way of approaching traditional ideas and practices in non-traditional ways that deviate from pre-established superstructural modes. This has caused difficulties in defining what postmodernism means and it therefore remains a controversial concept."






Sculpture


Claes Oldenberg

• Clothespin

Richard Serra

• Tilted Arc

Earth Art 


Robert Smithson

• Spiral Jetty

James Turrell 

• Roden Crater

Conceptual Art

Jenny Holtzer

• Truisms

Feminist Art Movement


Judy Chicago

• The Dinner Party

Video Art

Nam June Paik 

• TV Cello

Graffiti 


Keith Haring


Jean-Micheal Basquiat



Music/Sound art


John Cage






Architecture


Sears Tower


John Hancock building


Transamerica Pyramid


World Trade Center

Welcome to the 1970's

1970

• Aswan High Dam Completed
• Beatles Break Up
• Computer Floppy Disks Introduced
• Palestinian Group Hijacks Five Planes
• Kent State Shootings

1971

• London Bridge Brought to the U.S.
• United Kingdom Changes to Decimal System for Currency
• VCRs Introduced

1972

• M*A*S*H T.V. Show Premiers
• Mark Spitz Wins Seven Gold Medals
• Pocket Calculators Introduced
• Terrorists Attack at the Olympic Games in Munich
• Watergate Scandal Begins

1973

• Abortion Legalized in U.S.
• Paul Getty Kidnapped
• Sears Tower Built
• U.S. Pulls Out of Vietnam
• U.S. Vice President Resigns

1974

• Halie Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia, Deposed
• Mikhail Baryshnikov Defects
• Patty Hearst Kidnapped
• Terracotta Army Discovered in China
• U.S. President Nixon Resigns

1975

• Arthur Ashe First Black Man to Win Wimbledon
• Civil War in Lebanon
• Microsoft Founded
• Pol Pot Becomes the Communist Dictator of Cambodia

1976

• First Ebola Virus Outbreaks Strike Sudan and Zaire
• Nadia Comaneci Given Seven Perfect Tens
• North and South Vietnam Join to Form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
• Tangshan Earthquake Kills Over 240,000

1977

• Elvis Found Dead
• Miniseries Roots Airs
• South African Anti-Apartheid Leader Steve Biko Tortured to Death
• Star Wars Movie Released

1978

• First Test-Tube Baby Born
• John Paul II Becomes Pope
• Jonestown Massacre

1979

• Ayatollah Khomeini Returns as Leader of Iran
• Iran Takes American Hostages in Tehran
• Margaret Thatcher First Woman Prime Minister of Great Britain
• Mother Teresa Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
• Nuclear Accident at Three Mile Island
• Sony Introduces the Walkman

Art movements of the 50's and 60's

Pop Art 

"Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in the late 1950s in the United States. Pop art presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular culture such as advertising, news, etc. In Pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, and/or combined with unrelated material.The concept of pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it.^"

wikipedia

Jasper Johns - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images

Andy Warhol - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images

Robert Rauschenberg - wikipedia - artcylopedia - google images

Roy Lichtenstein - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images 

Norman Rockwell (not officially "pop") - wikipedia 



Assemblage 

"Assemblage is an artistic process. In the visual arts, it consists of making three-dimensional or two-dimensional artistic compositions by putting together found objects."


wikipedia

Joseph Cornell - wikipedia - google images

Louise Nevelson - wikipedia  -  google images



Minimalism


"Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post–World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s."


wikipedia

Donald Judd - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images

John McCracken - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images

Anne Truit - wikipedia - google images

Frank Stella - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images



Architecture 

Charles and Ray Eames - wikipedia  - google images

Mies Van Der Rohe - wikipedia - google images



Performance Art 


"In art, performance art is a performance presented to an audience, traditionally interdisciplinary. Performance may be either scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated; spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation. The performance can be live or via media; the performer can be present or absent. It can be any situation that involves four basic elements: time, space, the performer's body, or presence in a medium, and a relationship between performer and audience. Performance art can happen anywhere, in any venue or setting and for any length of time. The actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work."


wikipedia 

Joseph Beuys - wikipedia - google images

Allan Kaprow - wikipedia - google images


Conceptual Art 
"Conceptual art is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. Many of the works, sometimes called installations, of the artist Sol LeWitt may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions.^[1] This method was fundamental to LeWitt's definition of Conceptual art, one of the first to appear in print:

“	In conceptual art the idea or concept is the most important aspect of the work. When an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means that all of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and the execution is a perfunctory affair. The idea becomes a machine that makes the art.	”
—Sol LeWitt[2]

wikipedia 

Joseph Kosuth -  wikipedia - google images

Sol Lewitt - wikipedia - google images

Welcome to the 1950's

1950

• First Modern Credit Card Introduced
• First Organ Transplant
• First "Peanuts" Cartoon Strip
• Korean War Begins
• Senator Joseph McCarthy Begins Communist Witch Hunt
• U.S. President Truman Orders Construction of Hydrogen Bomb

1951

• Color TV Introduced
• South Africans Forced to Carry ID Cards Identifying Race
• Truman Signs Peace Treaty With Japan, Officially Ending WWII
• Winston Churchill Again Prime Minister of Great Britain

1952

• Car Seat Belts Introduced
• The Great Smog of 1952
• Jacques Cousteau Discovers Ancient Greek Ship
• Polio Vaccine Created
• Princess Elizabeth Becomes Queen at Age 25

1953

• DNA Discovered
• First Playboy Magazine
• Hillary and Norgay Climb Mt. Everest
• Joseph Stalin Dies
• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Executed for Espionage

1954

• Britain Sponsors an Expedition to Search for the Abominable Snowman
• First Atomic Submarine Launched
• Report Says Cigarettes Cause Cancer
• Roger Bannister Breaks the Four-Minute Mile
• Segregation Ruled Illegal in U.S.

1955

• Disneyland Opens
• Emmett Till Murdered
• James Dean Dies in Car Accident
• McDonald's Corporation Founded
• Rosa Parks Refuses to Give Up Her Seat on a Bus
• Warsaw Pact Signed

1956

• Elvis Gyrates on Ed Sullivan's Show
• Grace Kelly Marries Prince Rainier III of Monaco
• Hungarian Revolution
• Khrushchev Denounces Stalin
• Suez Crisis
• T.V. Remote Control Invented
• Velcro Introduced 19

1957

• Dr. Seuss Publishes The Cat in the Hat
• European Economic Community Established
• Soviet Satellite Sputnik Launches Space Age
• Laika Becomes the First Living Animal to Enter Orbit

1958

• Boris Pasternak Refuses Nobel Prize
• Chinese Leader Mao Zedong Launches the "Great Leap Forward"
• Hope Diamond is Donated to the Smithsonian
• Hula Hoops Become Popular
• LEGO Toy Bricks First Introduced
• NASA Founded
• Peace Symbol Created

1959

• Castro Becomes Dictator of Cuba
• International Treaty Makes Antarctica Scientific Preserve
• Kitchen Debate Between Nixon and Khrushchev
• The Sound of Music Opens on Broadway
• U.S. Quiz Shows Found to be Fixed

Welcome to the 1960's

1960

• Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho Released
• Brazil's Capital Moves to Brand New City
• First Televised Presidential Debates
• Lasers Invented

1961

• Adolf Eichmann on Trial for Role in Holocaust
• Bay of Pigs Invasion
• Berlin Wall Built
• Peace Corps Founded
• Soviets Launch First Man in Space

1962

• Andy Warhol Exhibits His Campbell's Soup Can
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• First Person Killed Trying to Cross the Berlin Wall
• Marilyn Monroe Found Dead
• Rachel Carson Publishes Silent Spring

1963

• Betty Friedan Publishes The Feminine Mystique
• JFK Assassinated
• Martin Luther King Jr. Makes His "I Have a Dream" Speech

1964

• Beatles Become Popular in U.S.
• Cassius Clay (a.k.a. Muhammad Ali) Becomes World Heavyweight Champion
• Civil Rights Act Passes in U.S.
• Hasbro Launches GI Joe Action Figure
• Nelson Mandela Sentenced to Life in Prison
• Warren Report on JFK's Assassination Issued
• Gulf of Tonkin

1965

• Japan's Bullet Train Opens
• Los Angeles Riots
• Malcolm X Assassinated
• New York City Great Blackout
• U.S. Sends Troops to Vietnam

1966

• Black Panther Party Established
• Mao Zedong Launches the Cultural Revolution
• Mass Draft Protests in U.S.
• Star Trek T.V. Series Airs

1967

• Australian Prime Minister Disappears
• Che Guevara Killed
• First Heart Transplant
• First Super Bowl
• Six-Day War in the Middle East
• Stalin's Daughter Defects
• Three U.S. Astronauts Killed During Simulated Launch

1968

• Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated
• My Lai Massacre
• Prague Spring
• Robert F. Kennedy Assassinated
• Tet Offensive

1969

• ARPANET, the Precursor of the Internet, Created
• Charles Manson and "Family" Arrested
• Neil Armstrong Becomes the First Man on the Moon
• Rock-and-Roll Concert at Woodstock
• Senator Edward Kennedy Leaves the Scene of an Accident
• Sesame Street First Airs
• Yasser Arafat Becomes Leader of the PLO

Art movements of the 1940's

Abstract Expressionism


"Abstract expressionism was an American post–World War II art movement. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York City at the center of the western art world, a role formerly filled by Paris."


wikipedia - artcyclopedia






The two main type of abstract expressionism are...






Action Painting, which stressed the physical action involved in painting...


Jackson Pollock - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images 

"When I am in my painting, I'm not aware of what I'm doing. It's only after a sort of "get acquainted" period that I see what I have been about. I have no fears about making changes, destroying the image, etc., because the painting has a life of its own."

- quoted in Possibilities I, Winter 1947-48

Willem de Kooning - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images

"At one time, it was very daring to make a figure red or blue - I think now that it is just as daring to make it flesh-colored."

- Willem de Kooning, in a BBC TV interview, 1963

Arshile Gorky - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images

Franz Kline - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images 


Lee Krasner - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images


Color Field painting, primarily concerned with exploring the effects of pure color on a canvas...


Mark Rothko - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images


Kenneth Noland - wikipedia - artcyclopedia - google images

Welcome to the 1940's

1940

• Battle of Britain
• Leon Trotsky Assassinated
• Nylons on the Market
• Stone Age Cave Paintings Found in France

1941

• Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor
• Jeep Invented
• Manhattan Project Begins
• Mount Rushmore Completed
• Nazi Rudolf Hess Flies to Britain on a Peace Mission
• Siege of Leningrad

1942

• Anne Frank Goes Into Hiding
• The Bataan Death March
• Battle of Midway
• Battle of Stalingrad
• Japanese-Americans Held in Camps
• Nazis Raze Town in Retaliation for Reinhard Heydrich's Death
• T-shirt Introduced
• Brown Brothers Harriman (Prescott Bush) assets seized under Trading with the Enemy Act.

1943

• French Resistance Leader Jean Moulin Killed
• Grave of Katyn Forest Massacre Found
• Italy Joins the Allies
• Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

1944

• Ballpoint Pens Go On Sale
• D-Day
• First German V1 and V2 Rockets Fired
• Hitler Escapes Assassination Attempt

1945

• FDR Dies
• First Computer Built (ENIAC)
• Germans Surrender
• Hitler Commits Suicide
• Microwave Oven Invented
• Slinky Toy Hits Shelves
• United Nations Founded
• U.S. Drops Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Operation Paperclip conducted by OSS.

1946

• Bikinis Introduced
• Dr. Spock's The Common Book of Baby and Child Care Is Published
• Juan Perón Becomes President of Argentina
• Nuremberg Trials
• Winston Churchill Gives His "Iron Curtain" Speech

1947

• Chuck Yeager Breaks the Sound Barrier
• Dead Sea Scrolls Discovered
• Jewish Refugees Aboard the Exodus Turned Back by British
• Marshall Plan
• Polaroid Cameras Invented

1948

• Berlin Airlift
• "Big Bang" Theory Formulated
• "Dewey Defeats Truman" in the Newspaper
• Gandhi Assassinated
• Policy of Apartheid Begun
• State of Israel Founded
• Arab Israel war

1949

• China Becomes Communist
• First Non-Stop Flight Around the World
• George Orwell Publishes Nineteen Eight-Four
• NATO Established
• Soviet Union Has Atomic Bomb